scheduled annual rent = 12 × monthly rent
collected rent = scheduled × (1 − 8% vacancy)
management = 10% of collected rent
maintenance = 5% of collected rent
operating surplus = collected − management − maintenance − historic tax − 1,500 − 600 − 300
capex reserve = 5% of collected rent
annual cash before financing and income tax = operating surplus − capex reserve
The result is labelled an operating surplus before financing and before any capital replacement beyond the 5% reserve. It is not a verified NOI. Every figure except the historic tax is an assumption and not a quote: insurance $1,500, owner-paid utilities $600 and compliance reserve $300 are illustrative only, and the historic tax itself is a portal figure rather than a county confirmation.
Excluded entirely: debt service, closing and acquisition costs, tax reassessment, initial or extraordinary repairs beyond any stated allowance, lease-up and tenant-placement fees, capital replacement beyond the reserve, and income tax. An unknown item is not zero.